CD86 Antibody - #DF6332

Fig. 3. Effects of AST on Macrophage Polarization and Angiogenesis in HUVECs. (a) Chemical structure of AST. (b) Cell viability assays of HUVECs and RAW264.7 macrophages treated with various concentrations of AST, showing no significant cytotoxicity. (c) Immunofluorescence staining of RAW264.7 macrophages for CD86 (M1 marker) and CD206 (M2 marker) under control, LPS, and LPS + AST conditions, demonstrating AST-induced M2 polarization. 3D intensity plots confirm increased CD206 expression with AST treatment. (d) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 and CD206 expression in macrophages, showing a significant increase in M2 (CD206+) and decrease in M1 (CD86+) populations following AST treatment. (e) Scratch assay of HUVECs under high-glucose (HG) conditions with and without AST treatment, indicating enhanced wound closure with AST. (f) Transwell migration assay demonstrating increased HUVEC migration upon AST treatment. (g) Tube formation assay showing improved angiogenic capacity of HUVECs after AST treatment. (h) Western blot analysis of angiogenesis markers (CD31 and VEGF) in HUVECs, showing upregulated expression following AST treatment. The data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 3). ns: not significant, ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001.