WB, IHC, IF/ICC, ELISA

Hm, Ms, Rt, Bv, Rb

货号	产品	规格	来源	应用	反应	文献引用
AF6311	Caspase 3 Ab	20ul	Rabbit	WB,IHC,IF/ICC	Hm,Ms,Rt,Bv	139
AF7022	Cleaved-Caspase 3 (Asp175), p17 Ab	20ul	Rabbit	WB,IHC,IF/ICC	Hm,Ms,Rt,Bv	324
AF6348	Caspase 9 Ab	20ul	Rabbit	WB,IHC,IF/ICC	Hm,Ms,Rt	43
AF5240	Cleaved-Caspase 9 (Asp353) Ab	20ul	Rabbit	WB,IHC,IF/ICC	Ms,Rt	69
AF4023	Cleaved-Caspase 7 (Asp198) Ab	20ul	Rabbit	WB	Hm,Ms	6
DF6441	Caspase 7 Ab	20ul	Rabbit	WB,IHC,IF/ICC	Hm,Ms,Rt	5
AF7023	Cleaved-PARP (Asp214) Ab	20ul	Rabbit	WB	Hm,Ms,Rt	20
DF7198	PARP1 Ab	20ul	Rabbit	WB,IHC,IF/ICC	Hm,Ms,Rt	12
AF7011	Tubulin beta Ab	20ul	Rabbit	WB,IHC,IF/ICC	Hm,Ms,Rt	74
S0001	Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP	100ul	Goat	WB,IHC,ELISA	Rb	454

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a tightly regulated process involved in eliminating unwanted or damaged cells while maintaining tissue homeostasis. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including development, tissue remodeling, and immune responses, as well as in pathological conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Store at -20 °C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a tightly regulated process involved in eliminating unwanted or damaged cells while maintaining tissue homeostasis. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including development, tissue remodeling, and immune responses, as well as in pathological conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

The apoptotic pathway can be initiated through two main signaling pathways: the extrinsic pathway (death receptor-mediated) and the intrinsic pathway (mitochondrial-mediated).

1. **Extrinsic pathway:** The extrinsic pathway is initiated by the binding of extracellular death ligands, such as Fas ligand (FasL) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), to their respective death receptors on the cell surface, such as Fas (CD95) or TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). This binding induces receptor oligomerization and the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), leading to the activation of caspase-8. Activated caspase-8 then cleaves and activates downstream effector caspases, such as caspase-3, resulting in cell death.

2. **Intrinsic pathway:** The intrinsic pathway is initiated by various intracellular stress signals, such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, or growth factor deprivation. These stress signals lead to the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane and the release of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cytochrome c, from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol. Cytochrome c, together with Apaf-1 and procaspase-9, forms the apoptosome complex, which activates caspase-9. Activated caspase-9 then cleaves and activates downstream effector caspases, such as caspase-3, leading to cell death.

Key proteins involved in regulating apoptosis include:

1. **Caspases:** Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that play essential roles in apoptosis. They are classified into initiator caspases (such as caspase-8 and caspase-9) and effector caspases (such as caspase-3, -6, and -7). Initiator caspases are activated by cleavage upon apoptotic stimulation and subsequently activate effector caspases, which execute the apoptotic program by cleaving specific substrates within the cell.

2. **Bcl-2 family proteins:** The Bcl-2 family consists of pro-apoptotic proteins (such as Bax, Bak, and Bad) and anti-apoptotic proteins (such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1) that regulate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and the release of cytochrome c.

3. **IAPs (Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins):** IAPs are a family of proteins that inhibit caspase activity and promote cell survival. They function by binding and inhibiting caspases or by regulating their ubiquitination and degradation.

Understanding the intricate regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis and the roles of key proteins in the apoptotic pathways is essential for elucidating the molecular basis of various diseases and for developing therapeutic strategies targeting apoptosis for the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other disorders.