CD44 Antibody - #DF6392

Fig. 2 RBA-NPs display targeting capability in vitro. a, b Confocal micrographs showed that DiD-NPs (red) enjoyed significantly improved cell uptake compared with free DiD in LPS + IFN-γ activated RAW264.7 cells. Scale bar = 10 μm. c Flow cytometry analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of DiD-NPs in LPS + IFN-γ activated RAW264.7 cells was higher than that of free DiD in RAW264.7. d The expression of CD44 and folate receptors increased significantly on the surface of LPS + IFN-γ activated RAW264.7 cells (d). Scale bar = 10 μm. e LPS + IFN-γ activated macrophages were pretreated with HA or FA or both HA and FA to compete for the overexpressed CD44 or folate receptors, and cellular uptake of DiD-NPs was reduced. f Confocal micrographs showed co-localization of DiD-NPs (orange) with CD44 receptor (red) and folate receptor (green). Scale bar = 20 μm. Cell nuclei was stained with DAPI (blue). All results are shown as mean ± SD. *P 

Figure 5 Tumor spheres isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells obtained the characteristics of cancer stem cells. (A) Comparison of the protein levels of CD133 and CD44 in HCCLM3 and HepG2 cells. The protein expression of (B) CD133 and (C) CD44 was dramatically increased in HepG2 cells compared with those in HCCLM3 cells. ∗P < 0.05, compared with the HCCLM3 cells. (D) The images of 3D tumor spheroids were captured using the fluorescence microscope on Day 0 in attachment surface plates and Days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 in ultra-low attachment surface plates with CSC medium (magnification 200 ×); scale bar: 20 μm. (E) The protein expression of CD133 and CD44 was analyzed by Western blot in HepG2 and CSC-like cells. The protein expression of (F) CD133 and (G) CD44 was dramatically increased in CSC-like cells compared with HepG2 cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01. (H) The expression of CD133 and CD44 were assessed by immunofluorescence staining in HepG2 and tumor sphere cells. Blue represents DAPI; green represents CD44; red represents CD133. Magnification: 400 ×. (I) CSC augments tumor-initiating in vivo. Representative xenograft tumors derived from CSC-like cells compared to HepG2 cells after two weeks subcutaneous injection in nude mice (n = 3). Left panel: HepG2 cells; right: CSCs. (J) The protein levels of CD133 and CD44 were analyzed by Western blot in the tumor tissues isolated from xenograft models. GAPDH served as a sample loading control. The protein levels of CSC markers (K) CD133 and (L) CD44 were dramatically upregulated in right tissues compared with left tissues. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.001.

Fig. 1. Effect of kaempferol on renal CaOx crystal deposition and tubular injury in vivo. Eligible mice were divided into five groups (n = 8). After a period of 10-day drug treatments, all mice were sacrificed on the 11 th day for the following tests. Pathological results were shown by the (a) images as well as (b-g) corresponding quantitative analysis through HE staining, Pizzolato staining, PAS staining, TUNEL staining, OPN and CD44 immunohistochemistry staining of paraffin embedded kidney sections. (h-j) Renal dysfunction was determined by serum levels of BUN, creatinine and NAGL among the five groups. (k) Group annotations were applied for all histograms. Data were expressed as the fold changes of experimental group to NC group or GA group, and were represented as means ± SD. * p < 0.05 vs. NC group; ** p < 0.05 as GA+Kae (25mg/kg) vs. GA group, GA + Kae (50 mg/kg) vs. GA group, and GA + Kae (25 mg/kg) vs. GA + Kae (50 mg/kg) group, respectively.